Synthetic Peroxides Promote Apoptosis of Cancer Cells by Inhibiting P-Glycoprotein ABCB5

This article discloses a new horizon for the application of peroxides in medical chemistry. Stable cyclic peroxides are demonstrated to have cytotoxic activity against cancer cells; in addition a mechanism of cytotoxic action is proposed. Synthetic bridged 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes and ozonides were effective against HepG2 cancer cells and some ozonides selectively targeted liver cancer cells (the selectivity indexes for compounds 11 b and 12 a are 8 and 5, respectively). In some cases, tetraoxanes and ozonides were more selective than paclitaxel, artemisinin, and artesunic acid. Annexin V flow-cytometry analysis revealed that the active ozonides 22 a and 23 a induced cell death of HepG2 by apoptosis. Further study showed that compounds 22 a and 23 a exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB5)-overexpressing HepG2 cancer cells. ABCB5 is a key player in the multidrug-resistant phenotype of liver cancer. Peroxides failed to demonstrate a direct correlation between oxidative potential and their biological activity. To our knowledge this is the first time that peroxide diastereoisomers have been found to show stereospecific antimalarial action against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Stereoisomeric ozonide 12 b is 11 times more active than stereoisomeric ozonide 12 a (IC₅₀=5.81 vs 65.18 μm ). Current findings mean that ozonides merit further investigation as potential therapeutic agents for drug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma.     

A Dual Inhibitor of DYRK1A and GSK3β for β-Cell Proliferation: Aminopyrazine Derivative GNF4877

Loss of β-cell mass and function can lead to insufficient insulin levels and ultimately to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. The mainstream treatment approach involves regulation of insulin levels; however, approaches intended to increase β-cell mass are less developed. Promoting β-cell proliferation with low-molecular-weight inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) offers the potential to treat diabetes with oral therapies by restoring β-cell mass, insulin content and glycemic control. GNF4877, a potent dual inhibitor of DYRK1A and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was previously reported to induce primary human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we describe the lead optimization that lead to the identification of GNF4877 from an aminopyrazine hit identified in a phenotypic high-throughput screening campaign measuring β-cell proliferation.     

对抗样本生成技术综述

如今,深度学习已被广泛应用于图像分类和图像识别的问题中,取得了令人满意的实际效果,成为许多人工智能应用的关键所在.在对于模型准确率的不断探究中,研究人员在近期提出了“对抗样本”这一概念.通过在原有样本中添加微小扰动的方法,成功地大幅度降低原有分类深度模型的准确率,实现了对于深度学习的对抗目的,同时也给深度学习的攻方提供了新的思路,对如何开展防御提出了新的要求.在介绍对抗样本生成技术的起源和原理的基础上,对近年来有关对抗样本的研究和文献进行了总结,按照各自的算法原理将经典的生成算法分成两大类——全像素添加扰动和部分像素添加扰动.之后,以目标定向和目标非定向、黑盒测试和白盒测试、肉眼可见和肉眼不可见的二级分类标准进行二次分类.同时,使用MNIST数据集对各类代表性的方法进行了实验验证,以探究各种方法的优缺点.最后总结了生成对抗样本所面临的挑战及其可以发展的方向,并就该技术的发展前景进行了探讨.     

The crosslinking directing dynamic behavior of polymer latex under the investigation toward waterborne damping coatings

Latex polymers with precisely designed dynamic mechanical behavior are the key for waterborne damping coatings, which are widely desired in noise and vibration reduction with additional environmental benefits. In this work, we synthesized series of polymer latexes with various crosslinking agents (CA) and network distributions through the control on emulsion polymerization processes. We have revealed that the variation on crosslinking can significantly direct the latex behavior under dynamic conditions as well as its films. The variables involve the CA composition, the functionality, the crosslinking manner, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic feature as well as the feeding method. Although all the latex films showed the damping peaks locating in the range from −10 to 70°C, their damping behaviors were quite different. Suggested by the empirical parameters of LA and TA, the product from sequential monomer feeding method tended to give good extensional damping performance. Especially when the crosslinking of diacetone acrylamide (DAAM)/adipic dihydrazide was applied, there was a linear increase on LA with the increasing dosage of DAAM from 0 to 10 mmol in the final monomer addition batch. Meanwhile, good constrained layer damping is expected on the products from the power monomer feeding method with the maximum CA dosage shown below 7.5 mmol. The best TA was achieved when the CA of divinylbenzene was used in the dosage of 5 mmol. These results would be valuable to be referenced in the engineering on organic damping materials toward modern industrial and vehicles applications.     

Polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide -polyethylene oxide derived porous carbon materials with different molecular weights as ORR catalyst in alkaline electrolytes

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-polyethylene oxide block copolymer having different molecular weights are used as precursors of carbon materials to prepare Hollow -Derivatives carbon material as an electrocatalyst through block copolymer self-assembly. The composition and microstructure of the prepared catalysts are shown by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Test of nitrogen adsorption and desorption curves, High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). Oxygen was passed into alkaline electrolyte solution until the solution reached saturation state. With molecular weight increasing, the obtained sample gradually changed from block to hollow and spherical. When the molecular weight was 12600 g mol^?1, the evenly hollow carbon nanocages was acquired (C-12600). In O₂ saturated alkaline electrolyte (0.1 M KOH solution), C-12600's limited current density，half-wave potential and initial potential are 5.23 mA cm^?2@0.4 V, 0.72 V and 0.81 V, respectively. And most important is that half-wave potential and onset potential have barely change after 2000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry. As a result, the porous carbon materials exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity while maintaining high stability in alkaline KOH solution.     

Daily Streamflow Forecasting Based on Flow Pattern Recognition

Water Resources Management - Accurate streamflow prediction is of great significance for water resource management. In recent years, data-driven models such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and...     

A tunable dynamic vibration absorber for unbalanced rotor system

A tunable dynamic vibration absorber for unbalanced rotor system which is made up of coil springs and magnetic spring is presented. The structure of the absorber is introduced and the stiffness tuning mechanism of the magnetic spring is explained. A finite element model of the rotor-absorber system was built and the influencing factors to the appearance of the absorber were studied numerically. Finally, experiments were carried out to verify the numerical results, and PID control strategy was tested. The numerical and experimental results show that the present absorber is effective for vibration suppression of an unbalanced rotor system, and the control strategy is effective.